Medical-Surgical Endocrine Practice Test

These questions are part of the practice quiz. Start practicing

• Which insulin is the longest-acting among those listed?
• Two hormones produced by the posterior pituitary gland are __________.
• Food such as soybeans, turnips, and rutabagas can affect people with thyroid disorders by:
• An 18-year-old with anterior pituitary adenoma would most likely present with which sign?
• In diabetic ketoacidosis the blood pH is typically:
• Long-term corticosteroid use is the most likely cause of Cushing syndrome in a patient with a history of asthma. Which statement best supports this?
• What is the difference between central and nephrogenic diabetes insipidus in etiology and management?
• Which foot care practice is recommended for diabetes?
• Which pattern distinguishes SIADH from DI?
• A patient on NPH insulin is NPO for a blood draw at 10 AM, with NPH ordered at 7 AM. The nurse should:
• For discharge planning in type 1 diabetes, which exercise guideline must be included?
• What is the typical laboratory pattern in hyperthyroidism and which medications are used to acutely manage symptoms?
• Which statement best summarizes pregnancy management in diabetes?
• Which class of medication is commonly used to treat osteoporosis?
• What is the typical clinical course and management considerations for DKA versus HHS in older adults?
• What is the recommended initial management sequence for DKA?
• What are the diagnostic and therapeutic approaches to myxedema coma?
• Which adverse effect is commonly associated with metformin?
• Which signs are commonly associated with hypoglycemia in a patient with diabetes?
• Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus differs from central diabetes insipidus in that nephrogenic DI:
• Which insulin is short-acting?
• A tumor of the adrenal medulla causing excessive secretion of catecholamines and resulting in hypertension is a ______.
• A patient has a T-score of -1.8 on DEXA. What is the diagnosis?
• Which statement best distinguishes Type 1 diabetes mellitus from Type 2 diabetes mellitus in pathophysiology?
• What is the most common precipitating factor for diabetic ketoacidosis?
• What is a typical next step to confirm acromegaly after an elevated IGF-1?
• What is the initial step in the workup of a patient with a thyroid nodule?
• Which pattern of laboratory findings best describes diabetic ketoacidosis?
• Which sign is used to detect hypocalcemia after thyroid surgery?
• Which insulin is rapid-acting?
• Which is a primary purpose of giving antithyroid drugs before thyroid surgery?
• Which statement best describes hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state (HHS)?
• What is a primary goal in the treatment of diabetes mellitus?
• How can you prevent medication errors when teaching patients about insulin therapy and carbohydrate counting?
• What is the recommended treatment for a conscious patient with hypoglycemia?
• Exophthalmus is a feature most commonly associated with which condition?
• Which insulin is an example of intermediate-acting insulin?
• The thyroid gland is located in the _______.
• For a thyroid nodule with suppressed TSH, which next steps are appropriate?
• The most common cause of hyperparathyroidism is ______.
• A patient who has hypothyroidism can live a full and normal life if he is:
• When taking a saturated solution of potassium iodide (SSKI), the nurse should instruct the patient to:
• Myxedema refers to facial edema associated with hypothyroidism.
• Which therapy is essential for hypothyroidism to maintain energy and normal life?
• Which statement best describes nursing considerations for sliding-scale insulin therapy?
• In the insulin sequence, what is the third event after the second event?
• Which statement best describes why iodized salt is recommended for thyroid health?
• Bromocriptine acts to ________.
• Which agent is considered a first-line pharmacologic treatment for osteoporosis?
• During pregnancy, which laboratory parameters should be monitored to manage hypothyroidism?
• What constitutes a thyroid storm and what is the emergent management?
• Bromocriptine inhibits release of which hormone?
• What is the recommended approach to pheochromocytoma management surrounding surgery?
• Which blood glucose level defines moderate hypoglycemia?
• Which guidance is correct for insulin storage and administration in a newly diagnosed diabetes patient?
• What are the clinical features and diagnostic approach to acromegaly?
• What are the diagnostic criteria and management strategies for polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS)?
• In type 1 diabetes, lack of insulin leads to increased levels of which metabolic substrate, contributing to metabolic changes?
• Upon returning from thyroidectomy, the patient asks about the large tracheostomy tray on the bedside table. Which response best reassures her?
• Following neck surgery, which pattern best indicates postoperative hypoparathyroidism?
• Which finding after thyroid surgery would indicate damage to the parathyroid glands?
• When a patient newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus asks the nurse why she has to take a pill instead of insulin, the nurse replies that in type 2 diabetes mellitus, the body makes insulin but:
• Which statements correctly describe ACTH-dependent etiologies of Cushing syndrome?
• In differentiating primary hyperparathyroidism from familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia, what does 24-hour urinary calcium typically show?
• During an intake interview with a patient who has SIADH, which symptom would you expect to report?
• How is hypoglycemia managed when IV access is unavailable?
• Hemoglobin A1c provides information about glucose control:
• Which set of vital signs would you expect with diabetic ketoacidosis?
• Which statement best explains why some type 2 diabetes patients require oral medications rather than insulin?
• In HHNS, which electrolyte abnormality is most likely?
• Which statements reflect core components of PCOS management?
• Which safety measure is essential for thyroid radioactive iodine therapy?
• Which factor most contributes to underdiagnosis of hypothyroidism in older adults?
• Before administering calcitonin (Calcimar) to a patient with hyperparathyroidism, the nurse should assess which parameter?
• Which presentation most closely aligns with the hallmark features of Cushing syndrome?
• A lab shows high TSH with low T4. Which statement best describes this finding?
• Goiter is the enlargement of which gland?
• In diabetic ketoacidosis, respirations are typically described as:
• The patient with exophthalmos asks when it will go away. The best informational statement is:
• Which of the following is not a typical feature of HHNS?
• A tumor of the adrenal medulla causing excess catecholamines is known as which condition?
• Which statement best describes Graves disease?
• Which feature helps distinguish hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state (HHS) from diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)?
• Euglycemic diabetic ketoacidosis is best described as DKA with what characteristic?
• If a patient has hypothyroidism, what would the thyroid-stimulating hormone level be?
• Which hormone is responsible for acromegaly when secreted in excess?
• Which statement best describes the relationship between long-term corticosteroid use and Cushing syndrome?
• Diabetes mellitus is the leading cause of which complication?
• In initiating the Chvostek sign, the nurse should:
• Maintenance of extracellular fluid volume is controlled by _____.
• Which finding during a health history would indicate a possible thyroid problem?
• Diabetes insipidus results from deficiency of which posterior pituitary hormone?
• Which neonatal consideration should be monitored postpartum when maternal thyroid disease is managed during pregnancy?
• Pituitary adenoma is most commonly found in patients with ______.
• Desmopressin testing is used to differentiate central diabetes insipidus from nephrogenic diabetes insipidus. What is the expected response in central DI?
• Which statement about hypothyroidism in older adults is most accurate?
• When starting thyroid hormone replacement, which statement best reflects expected therapy outcomes?
• In the management of HHS, what is the correct initial priority?
• The nurse explains that hydrocortisone in Addison disease primarily functions to:
• Facial edema that is associated with long-term untreated hypothyroidism is called _________.
• The most reliable test for acromegaly is the __________.
• Which statement correctly describes the electrolyte disturbances typical of Addison disease?
• The nurse taking the blood pressure of a patient who had a total thyroidectomy 2 days earlier notes that the patient's hand goes into a carpopedal spasm; this movement is an indication of:
• Which gene mutation is associated with MEN2?
• In the sequence describing how insulin affects blood glucose, which event occurs first?
• Which postoperative instruction is advised after transsphenoidal hypophysectomy to minimize complications?
• Which statement best describes SIADH management in terms of fluid and safety?
• A 42-year-old woman reports excessive weight gain in the abdomen and shoulders, excessive hair growth on her face, and an intermittent menses. The reported signs are associated with ______.
• In hyperglycemic hyperosmolar nonketotic syndrome (HHNS), which finding would you most expect on assessment?
• What are the signs of thyroidectomy-related laryngeal nerve injury and its initial management?
• Which response is best when addressing a parent of a teenager with gigantism?
• Why are vital signs important in assessing thyroid function?
• Which of the following describes the typical presentation and electrolyte disturbances of Addison disease?
• If bisphosphonates are not tolerated, which alternatives are appropriate for osteoporosis?
• In DKA, how is potassium typically altered and how should it be managed?
• Which set represents the classic symptoms of diabetes insipidus?
• Which of the following best defines the components of metabolic syndrome?
• Which statement is true regarding insulin therapy and the risk of diabetic ketoacidosis?
• Which statement correctly differentiates nephrogenic diabetes insipidus from central diabetes insipidus?
• In the insulin sequence, what is the second event after glucose enters the bloodstream?
• In Simmonds cachexia, which sign is expected?
• Classic signs of an anterior pituitary adenoma include which of the following?
• After thyroidectomy, numbness around the mouth and fingers with muscle cramps most likely indicates which electrolyte disturbance?
• A patient newly diagnosed with hypothyroidism is anxious to begin her drug regimen. Which instruction best guides hormone replacement therapy?
• What are typical manifestations of hypocalcemia and how should it be treated after thyroid surgery?
• Two days after a hypophysectomy, the patient has headache and nuchal rigidity. The nurse should:
• A patient tells the nurse that she eats "huge" amounts of food but stays hungry most of the time. The nurse explains that hunger experienced by persons with type 1 diabetes is caused by the:
• Insulin that is produced by a person's body is _____.
• Common electrolyte imbalance found in patient with syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone is _________.
• The lack of insulin in type 1 diabetes contributes to cardiovascular risk primarily through which metabolic change?
• After thyroidectomy, why is hypocalcemia a risk and how is it prevented and treated?
• Which statement describes hyponatremia in endocrine disorders most accurately?
• Adrenal crisis presents with severe weakness, hypotension, and abdominal pain; initial management includes:
• In a pregnant patient with hypothyroidism, how should the thyroxine dose be managed?
• In acromegaly, the main pharmacologic action of octreotide is to:
• Thyroid storm is prevented by administering what medications before a thyroidectomy?
• During pregnancy, how should management of hypothyroidism be adjusted?
• In central diabetes insipidus, which hormone is deficient?
• What HbA1c targets are recommended for most nonpregnant adults with diabetes and what are exceptions?
• According to ADA criteria, which HbA1c value is the diagnostic threshold for diabetes?
• The nurse stresses that the patient with type 1 diabetes is at risk for cardiovascular disorders because the lack of insulin causes:
• Endogenous insulin is produced by which source?
• In the insulin sequence, what is the fourth event after the third event?
• In primary hyperparathyroidism, what is the most common etiologic cause?
• Which statement reflects the primary goal of diabetes self-care?
• Which statement best summarizes risk factors for thyroid cancer and the role of fine-needle aspiration (FNA) in management?
• How can MEN syndromes be differentiated using genetic testing and tumor profiles?
• In the insulin sequence, what is the fifth event describing the final step?
• Compare MEN1 and MEN2 syndromes and a screening consideration for each.
• Which statement most accurately describes an approach to prevent insulin dosing errors during patient education?
• In planning care for Addison disease, an essential safety measure is to:
• Elevated blood glucose increases plasma osmolality and initially causes which symptom?
• To assess for hemorrhage after thyroidectomy, the nurse should:
• How is thyroid disease managed during pregnancy to minimize fetal and maternal risk?
• What is the appropriate treatment for a hospitalized unconscious patient with hypoglycemia?
• Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) results in:
• Which combination best describes Addison disease features?
• Which cultural background has the highest risk of developing diabetes mellitus?
• The most visible sign of Graves disease is ________.
• Which insulin is long-acting?
• The drug octreotide (Sandostatin) used for acromegaly has which effect?
• The nurse would anticipate that the patient with hyperparathyroidism would exhibit a history of:
• Which statement about exercise for people with type 1 diabetes is NOT consistent with recommended practice?
• Which of the following hormones is produced by the posterior pituitary?
• Which medication class is most associated with euglycemic diabetic ketoacidosis?
• Hypoglycemia caused by drinking alcohol on an empty stomach is considered which type of cause?
• An older patient with hypothyroidism asks why her daily dose of thyroid hormone has been reduced. The nurse's best explanation is related to:
• A laboratory result shows high TSH and low T4. Which explanation is correct?
• The cardinal indication of a pheochromocytoma is:
• In diabetic ketoacidosis, which statement about bicarbonate therapy is true?
• Which statement about insulin's effect on glucose uptake into muscle cells is correct?
• Growth hormone therapy for a child with hypopituitarism is given on a schedule until the child reaches a height of:
• The hallmark findings of Cushing syndrome include:
• Which combination of features is typical of Cushing syndrome due to chronic corticosteroid use?
• Which statement about exophthalmos and hyperthyroidism is accurate?
• Type 1 diabetes commonly presents with which feature?
• Goiter is defined as enlargement of which gland?
• Which statement best describes post-thyroidectomy calcium management?
• Which statement best describes the comparison of basal-bolus insulin therapy with sliding-scale insulin therapy, including a nursing consideration for each?
• Endogenous hypoglycemia is most likely caused by which mechanism?
• Somogyi phenomenon presents with which symptom pattern?
• What is pituitary apoplexy and emergent management steps?
• Which lipid pattern characterizes metabolic syndrome?
• What safety considerations are important when using thyroid radioactive iodine therapy?
• Excessive output of dilute urine from an antidiuretic hormone (ADH) abnormality is characteristic of __________.
• Differentiation of primary vs secondary adrenal insufficiency involves which of the following patterns?
• A patient has undergone a cerebral angiogram and the arterial access catheter has been removed. The nurse should apply pressure to the arterial puncture site for _______.
• What is the function of the parathyroid glands?
• Humulin R 20 U at 7 AM peaks in how long after administration?
• Which statement about octreotide in the treatment of acromegaly is true?
• Congenital hypothyroidism, if left untreated, will result in
• In diabetes teaching, which statement is appropriate about exercise?
• How is a DEXA scan interpreted with T-scores and Z-scores?
• There are treatment options available for Graves disease, including antithyroid medications or surgery.
• When drawing up two types of insulin for a patient, which sequence is correct?
• Calcitonin is used in clinical practice for which purpose?
• The thyroid gland is located in the _______.
• Hyperglycemia occurs when:
• A patient is one day after subtotal thyroidectomy and shows signs including poor color, tachycardia, rapid breathing, and feeling frightened. What should the nurse do first?
• Which of the following is a contraindication for metformin use?
• Which lifestyle and pharmacologic strategies are recommended to prevent osteoporosis and falls?
• Which statement is true about the list of insulin types as described in the material?
• The characteristic facial changes in acromegaly are caused by excess of which hormone?
• When drawing up two types of insulin (regular and NPH) in one syringe, which procedure is correct?
• A patient with central obesity, facial hair growth, and irregular menses most likely has which condition?
• Rosiglitazone (Avandia) requires caution regarding:
• Enlargement of the thyroid gland is called _______.
• Adrenal crisis is suspected when a patient with Addison disease presents with:
• Type 1 diabetes mellitus is a disease in which the body does not produce enough insulin; consequently, the blood glucose is elevated because of the:
• What are the major features and etiologies of Cushing syndrome?